Osteoarthritis animal models. (A) Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus (DMM) model: a surgical model in which the medial meniscotibial ligament is transected, leading to joint instability and the subsequent development of OA, primarily in the medial compartment of the knee. (B) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT) model: this model involves the surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament, resulting in joint instability and osteoarthritis, which resembles post-traumatic OA. (C) MIA (Monoiodoacetate) injection: chemical induction of OA through intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate, which inhibits glycolysis in chondrocytes, resulting in cartilage degeneration.

Int J Pain 2023;14:39~47 https://doi.org/10.56718/ijp.23-010